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Motif is a word used by folklorists who analyze, interpret, and describe the traditional elements found in the lore of particular folk groups and compare the folklore of various regions and cultures of the world based on these motif patterns. Ultimately, folklorists identify motifs in folklore to interpret where, how, and why these motifs are used, so they can understand the values, customs, and ways of life of unique cultures. In cultural anthropology and folkloristics, the meaning of ''motif'' encompasses the meanings of ''motif'' used in the areas of music, literary criticism, visual arts, and textile arts because folklorists study motifs (i.e., recurring elements) in each of these areas, motifs that create recognizable patterns in folklore and folk-art traditions. ==Thompson’s ''Motif-Index''== Folklorists also use ''motif'' to refer to the recognizable and consistently repeated story elements (e.g., common characters, objects, actions, and events) that are used in the traditional plot structures, or tale types, of many stories and folktales. These motifs, which Dr. Margaret Read Macdonald calls “each small part of a tale,”〔Read MacDonald, Margaret. 1982. The Storyteller’s Sourcebook: A Subject, Title, and Motif Index for Folklore Collections for Children (First Edition). Detroit: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc.〕 were indexed in 1932 by Stith Thompson and published as the ''Motif-lndex of Folk-Literature''.〔Read MacDonald, Margaret. 1982. ''The Storyteller’s Sourcebook: A Subject, Title and Motif Index for Folklore Collections for Children'' (First Edition). Detroit: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc.〕 Thompson built upon the research of Antti Aarne (and the tale type index he created) when he compiled, classified, and numbered the traditional motifs of the mostly European folktale types in Aarne’s index and then cross referenced those motifs with Aarne’s tale types (Dundes).〔Dundes, Alan. 1997. “The Motif-Index and the Tale Type Index: A Critique.” ''Journal of Folklore Research'' 34(3): 195–202.〕 Folklorist Alan Dundes explains that Stith Thompson’s “six-volume ''Motif-Index of Folk-Literature'' and the Aarne-Thompson tale type index constitute two of the most valuable tools in the professional folklorist's arsenal of aids for analysis”.〔 Below is a sample of the index's headings. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Motif (folkloristics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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